Federal

Title 12 — Banks and Banking

1,996 sections, each with the official text and a plain-English explanation of what it means for you.

• § 4503 — Protection of taxpayers against liability
• § 4511 — Establishment of the Federal Housing Finance Agency
• § 4512 — Director
• § 4513 — Duties and authorities of Director
• § 4513a — Federal Housing Finance Oversight Board
• § 4513b — Prudential management and operations standards
• § 4514 — Authority to require reports by regulated entities
• § 4514a — Study and reports on guarantee fees
• § 4515 — Personnel
• § 4516 — Funding
• § 4517 — Examinations
• § 4518 — Prohibition and withholding of executive compensation
• § 4518a — Limitation on bonuses to executives of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
• § 4519 — Authority to provide for review of regulated entities
• § 4520 — Minority and women inclusion; diversity requirements
• § 4521 — Annual reports by Director
• § 4522 — Public disclosure of final orders and agreements
• § 4523 — Limitation on subsequent employment
• § 4524 — Audits by GAO
• § 4525 — Information, records, and meetings
• § 4526 — Regulations and orders
• § 4527 — Data standards
• § 4528 — Open data publication
• § 4541 — Prior approval authority for products
• § 4542 — Housing Price Index
• § 4543 — Public access to mortgage information
• § 4544 — Annual housing report
• § 4545 — Fair housing
• § 4546 — Prohibition of public disclosure of proprietary information
• § 4547 — Enterprise guarantee fees
• § 4548 — Regulations for use of credit scores
• § 4561 — Establishment of housing goals
• § 4562 — Single-family housing goals
• § 4563 — Multifamily special affordable housing goal
• § 4564 — Discretionary adjustment of housing goals
• § 4565 — Duty to serve underserved markets and other requirements
• § 4566 — Monitoring and enforcing compliance with housing goals
• § 4567 — Affordable housing allocations
• § 4568 — Housing Trust Fund
• § 4569 — Capital Magnet Fund
• § 4581 — Cease and desist proceedings
• § 4582 — Hearings
• § 4583 — Judicial review
• § 4584 — Enforcement and jurisdiction
• § 4585 — Civil money penalties
• § 4586 — Public disclosure of final orders and agreements
• § 4587 — Notice of service
• § 4588 — Subpoena authority
• § 4589 — Repealed. Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title I, § 1122(a)(2) , July 30, 2008 , 122 Stat. 2689
• § 4601 — Review of underwriting guidelines
• § 4602 — Studies of effects of privatization of FNMA and FHLMC
• § 4603 — Transition
• § 461 — Reserve requirements
• § 4611 — Risk-based capital levels for regulated entities
• § 4612 — Minimum capital levels
• § 4613 — Critical capital levels
• § 4614 — Capital classifications
• § 4615 — Supervisory actions applicable to undercapitalized regulated entities
• § 4616 — Supervisory actions applicable to significantly undercapitalized regulated entities
• § 4617 — Authority over critically undercapitalized regulated entities
• § 4618 — Notice of classification and enforcement action
• § 4619 to 4621 — Repealed. Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title I, § 1145(b)(4) , July 30, 2008 , 122 Stat. 2767
• § 462 — Omitted
• § 4622 — Capital restoration plans
• § 4623 — Judicial review of Director action
• § 4624 — Reviews of enterprise assets and liabilities
• § 462a — Repealed. Pub. L. 97–258, § 5(b) , Sept. 13, 1982 , 96 Stat. 1068
• § 462a–1 — Repealed. Pub. L. 89–597, § 2(d) , Sept. 21, 1966 , 80 Stat. 824
• § 462b, 462c — Omitted
• § 463 — Limitation on amount of balance with any depository institution without access to Federal Reserve advances
• § 4631 — Cease-and-desist proceedings
• § 4632 — Temporary cease-and-desist orders
• § 4633 — Hearings
• § 4634 — Judicial review
• § 4635 — Enforcement and jurisdiction
• § 4636 — Civil money penalties
• § 4636a — Removal and prohibition authority
• § 4636b — Criminal penalty
• § 4637 — Notice after separation from service
• § 4638 — Private rights of action
• § 4639 — Public disclosure of final orders and agreements
• § 464 — Checking against and withdrawal of reserve balance
• § 4640 — Notice of service
• § 4641 — Subpoena authority
• § 4642 — Reporting of fraudulent loans
• § 465 — Basis for ascertaining deposits against which required balance is determined
• § 466 — Reserves of banks in dependencies or insular possessions
• § 467 — Deposits of gold coin, gold certificates, and Special Drawing Right certificates with United States Treasurer
• § 4701 — Findings and purposes
• § 4702 — Definitions
• § 4703 — Establishment of national Fund for community development banking
• § 4703a — Capital investments for neighborhoods disproportionately impacted by the COVID–19 pandemic
• § 4704 — Applications for assistance
• § 4705 — Community partnerships
• § 4706 — Selection of institutions
• § 4707 — Assistance provided by Fund
• § 4708 — Training
• § 4709 — Encouragement of private entities
• § 4710 — Collection and compilation of information
• § 4711 — Investment of receipts and proceeds
• § 4712 — Capitalization assistance to enhance liquidity
• § 4713 — Incentives for depository institution participation
• § 4713a — Guarantees for bonds and notes issued for community or economic development purposes
• § 4714 — Recordkeeping
• § 4715 — Special provisions with respect to institutions that are supervised by Federal banking agencies
• § 4716 — Studies and reports; examination and audit
• § 4717 — Enforcement
• § 4718 — Authorization of appropriations
• § 4719 — Grants to establish loan-loss reserve funds
• § 4741 — Findings and purposes
• § 4742 — Definitions
• § 4743 — Approving States for participation
• § 4744 — Participation agreements
• § 4745 — Terms of participation agreements
• § 4746 — Reports
• § 4747 — Reimbursement by Fund
• § 4748 — Reimbursement to Fund
• § 4749 — Regulations
• § 4750 — Authorization of appropriations
• § 4801 — Incorporated definitions
• § 4802 — Administrative consideration of burden with new regulations
• § 4803 — Streamlining of regulatory requirements
• § 4804 — Elimination of duplicative filings
• § 4805 — Call report simplification
• § 4805a — Call report simplification
• § 4806 — Regulatory appeals process, ombudsman, and alternative dispute resolution
• § 4807 — Time limit on agency consideration of completed applications
• § 4808 — Revising regulatory requirements for transfers of all types of assets with recourse
• § 4809 — “Plain language” requirement for Federal banking agency rules
• § 481 — Appointment of examiners; examination of member banks, State banks, and trust companies; reports
• § 482 — Employees of Office of Comptroller of the Currency; appointment; compensation and benefits
• § 483 — Special examination of member banks; information of condition furnished to Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
• § 484 — Limitation on visitorial powers
• § 485 — Examination of Federal reserve banks
• § 486 — Waiver of requirements as to reports from or examinations of affiliates
• § 4901 — Definitions
• § 4902 — Termination of private mortgage insurance
• § 4903 — Disclosure requirements
• § 4904 — Notification upon cancellation or termination
• § 4905 — Disclosure requirements for lender paid mortgage insurance
• § 4906 — Fees for disclosures
• § 4907 — Civil liability
• § 4908 — Effect on other laws and agreements
• § 4909 — Enforcement
• § 4910 — Construction
• § 4a — Delegation of authority by Comptroller
• § 4b — Deputy Comptroller for the supervision and examination of Federal savings associations
• § 5, 6 — Repealed. Pub. L. 86–251, § 1(b) , (c)(1), Sept. 9, 1959 , 73 Stat. 487 , 488
• § 5001 — Findings; purposes
• § 5002 — Definitions
• § 5003 — General provisions governing substitute checks
• § 5004 — Substitute check warranties
• § 5005 — Indemnity
• § 5006 — Expedited recredit for consumers
• § 5007 — Expedited recredit procedures for banks
• § 5008 — Delays in an emergency
• § 5009 — Measure of damages
• § 501 — Liability of Federal reserve or member bank for certifying check when amount of deposit was inadequate
• § 5010 — Statute of limitations and notice of claim
• § 5011 — Consumer awareness
• § 5012 — Effect on other law
• § 5013 — Variation by agreement
• § 5014 — Regulations
• § 5015 — Study and report on funds availability
• § 5016 — Statistical reporting of costs and revenues for transporting checks between reserve banks
• § 5017 — Evaluation and report by the Comptroller General
• § 5018 — Depositary services efficiency and cost reduction
• § 501a — Forfeiture of franchise of national banks for failure to comply with provisions of this chapter
• § 502 — Liability of shareholders of Federal reserve banks on contracts, etc.
• § 503 — Liability of directors and officers of member banks
• § 504 — Civil money penalty
• § 505 — Civil money penalty
• § 506 — Notice after separation from service
• § 51 — Repealed. Pub. L. 106–569, title XII, § 1233(c) , Dec. 27, 2000 , 114 Stat. 3037
• § 5101 — Purposes and methods for establishing a mortgage licensing system and registry
• § 5102 — Definitions
• § 5103 — License or registration required
• § 5104 — State license and registration application and issuance
• § 5105 — Standards for State license renewal
• § 5106 — System of registration administration by Federal agencies
• § 5107 — Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection backup authority to establish loan originator licensing system
• § 5108 — Backup authority to establish a nationwide mortgage licensing and registry system
• § 5109 — Fees
• § 5110 — Background checks of loan originators
• § 5111 — Confidentiality of information
• § 5112 — Liability provisions
• § 5113 — Enforcement by the Bureau
• § 5114 — State examination authority
• § 5115 — Reports and recommendations to Congress
• § 5116 — Study and reports on defaults and foreclosures
• § 5117 — Employment transition of loan originators
• § 51a — Preferred stock; issuance authorized
• § 51b — Dividends, voting, and retirement of preferred stock; individual liability
• § 51b–1 — Consideration of preferred stock in determining impairment of capital; dividends; retirement
• § 51c — “Common stock”, “capital”, and “capital stock” defined
• § 51d to 51f — Repealed. June 30, 1947, ch. 166 , title II, § 206(b), (o), 61 Stat. 208
• § 52 — Par value and incidents of stock; transfer of shares
• § 5201 — Purposes
• § 5202 — Definitions
• § 521 — Reserve-bank branches; establishment; directors; discontinuance of branches; approval for erection of branch bank building