Federal

Title 52 — Voting And Elections

171 sections, each with the official text and a plain-English explanation of what it means for you.

• § 10101 — Voting rights
• § 10102 — Interference with freedom of elections
• § 10301 — Denial or abridgement of right to vote on account of race or color through voting qualifications or prerequisites; establishment of violation
• § 10302 — Proceeding to enforce the right to vote
• § 10303 — Suspension of the use of tests or devices in determining eligibility to vote
• § 10304 — Alteration of voting qualifications; procedure and appeal; purpose or effect of diminishing the ability of citizens to elect their preferred candidates
• § 10305 — Use of observers
• § 10306 — Poll taxes
• § 10307 — Prohibited acts
• § 10308 — Civil and criminal sanctions
• § 10309 — Termination of assignment of observers
• § 10310 — Enforcement proceedings
• § 10311 — Impairment of voting rights of persons holding current registration
• § 10312 — Authorization of appropriations
• § 10313 — Separability
• § 10314 — Construction
• § 10501 — Application of prohibition to other States; “test or device” defined
• § 10502 — Residence requirements for voting
• § 10503 — Bilingual election requirements
• § 10504 — Judicial relief; civil actions by the Attorney General; three-judge district court; appeal to Supreme Court
• § 10505 — Penalty
• § 10506 — Separability
• § 10507 — Survey to compile registration and voting statistics
• § 10508 — Voting assistance for blind, disabled or illiterate persons
• § 10701 — Enforcement of twenty-sixth amendment
• § 10702 — “State” defined
• § 20101 — Congressional declaration of purpose
• § 20102 — Selection of polling facilities
• § 20103 — Selection of registration facilities
• § 20104 — Registration and voting aids
• § 20105 — Enforcement
• § 20106 — Relationship to Voting Rights Act of 1965
• § 20107 — Definitions
• § 20301 — Federal responsibilities
• § 20301a — Duties of Secretary under Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act
• § 20302 — State responsibilities
• § 20303 — Federal write-in absentee ballot in general elections for Federal office for absent uniformed services voters and overseas voters
• § 20304 — Procedures for collection and delivery of marked absentee ballots of absent overseas uniformed services voters
• § 20305 — Federal Voting Assistance Program Improvements
• § 20306 — Prohibition of refusal of applications on grounds of early submission
• § 20307 — Enforcement
• § 20308 — Reporting requirements
• § 20309 — Effect on certain other laws
• § 20310 — Definitions
• § 20311 — Technology pilot program
• § 20501 — Findings and purposes
• § 20502 — Definitions
• § 20503 — National procedures for voter registration for elections for Federal office
• § 20504 — Simultaneous application for voter registration and application for motor vehicle driver’s license
• § 20505 — Mail registration
• § 20506 — Voter registration agencies
• § 20507 — Requirements with respect to administration of voter registration
• § 20508 — Federal coordination and regulations
• § 20509 — Designation of chief State election official
• § 20510 — Civil enforcement and private right of action
• § 20511 — Criminal penalties
• § 20701 — Retention and preservation of records and papers by officers of elections; deposit with custodian; penalty for violation
• § 20702 — Theft, destruction, concealment, mutilation, or alteration of records or papers; penalties
• § 20703 — Demand for records or papers by Attorney General or representative; statement of basis and purpose
• § 20704 — Disclosure of records or papers
• § 20705 — Jurisdiction to compel production of records or papers
• § 20706 — “Officer of election” defined
• § 20901 — Payments to States for activities to improve administration of elections
• § 20902 — Replacement of punch card or lever voting machines
• § 20903 — Guaranteed minimum payment amount
• § 20904 — Authorization of appropriations
• § 20905 — Administration of programs
• § 20906 — Effective date
• § 20921 — Establishment
• § 20922 — Duties
• § 20923 — Membership and appointment
• § 20924 — Staff
• § 20925 — Powers
• § 20926 — Dissemination of information
• § 20927 — Annual report
• § 20928 — Requiring majority approval for actions
• § 20929 — Limitation on rulemaking authority
• § 20930 — Authorization of appropriations
• § 20941 — Establishment
• § 20942 — Duties
• § 20943 — Membership of Standards Board
• § 20944 — Membership of Board of Advisors
• § 20945 — Powers of Boards; no compensation for service
• § 20946 — Status of Boards and members for purposes of claims against Board
• § 20961 — Technical Guidelines Development Committee
• § 20962 — Process for adoption
• § 20971 — Certification and testing of voting systems
• § 20981 — Periodic studies of election administration issues
• § 20982 — Study, report, and recommendations on best practices for facilitating military and overseas voting
• § 20983 — Report on human factor research
• § 20984 — Study and report on voters who register by mail and use of Social Security information
• § 20985 — Study and report on electronic voting and the electoral process
• § 20986 — Study and report on free absentee ballot postage
• § 20987 — Consultation with Standards Board and Board of Advisors
• § 21001 — Requirements payments
• § 21002 — Allocation of funds
• § 21003 — Condition for receipt of funds
• § 21004 — State plan
• § 21005 — Process for development and filing of plan; publication by Commission
• § 21006 — Requirement for public notice and comment
• § 21007 — Authorization of appropriations
• § 21008 — Reports
• § 21021 — Payments to States and units of local government to assure access for individuals with disabilities
• § 21022 — Amount of payment
• § 21023 — Requirements for eligibility
• § 21024 — Authorization of appropriations
• § 21025 — Reports
• § 21041 — Grants for research on voting technology improvements
• § 21042 — Report
• § 21043 — Authorization of appropriations
• § 21051 — Pilot program
• § 21052 — Report
• § 21053 — Authorization of appropriations
• § 21061 — Payments for protection and advocacy systems
• § 21062 — Authorization of appropriations
• § 21071 — National Student and Parent Mock Election
• § 21072 — Authorization of appropriations
• § 21081 — Voting systems standards
• § 21082 — Provisional voting and voting information requirements
• § 21083 — Computerized statewide voter registration list requirements and requirements for voters who register by mail
• § 21083a — Access for congressional election observers
• § 21084 — Minimum requirements
• § 21085 — Methods of implementation left to discretion of State
• § 21101 — Adoption of voluntary guidance by Commission
• § 21102 — Process for adoption
• § 21111 — Actions by the Attorney General for declaratory and injunctive relief
• § 21112 — Establishment of State-based administrative complaint procedures to remedy grievances
• § 21121 — Establishment of program
• § 21122 — Activities under Program
• § 21123 — Authorization of appropriations
• § 21131 — Transfer of functions of Office of Election Administration of Federal Election Commission
• § 21132 — Transfer of functions
• § 21133 — Transfer of property, records, and personnel
• § 21134 — Effective date; transition
• § 21141 — “State” defined
• § 21142 — Audits and repayment of funds
• § 21143 — Review and report on adequacy of existing electoral fraud statutes and penalties
• § 21144 — Other criminal penalties
• § 21145 — No effect on other laws
• § 30101 — Definitions
• § 30102 — Organization of political committees
• § 30103 — Registration of political committees
• § 30104 — Reporting requirements
• § 30105 — Reports on convention financing
• § 30106 — Federal Election Commission
• § 30107 — Powers of Commission
• § 30108 — Advisory opinions
• § 30109 — Enforcement
• § 30110 — Judicial review
• § 30111 — Administrative provisions
• § 30112 — Maintenance of website of election reports
• § 30113 — Statements filed with State officers; “appropriate State” defined; duties of State officers; waiver of duplicate filing requirement for States with electronic access
• § 30114 — Use of contributed amounts for certain purposes
• § 30115 — Authorization of appropriations
• § 30116 — Limitations on contributions and expenditures
• § 30117 — Modification of certain limits for House candidates in response to personal fund expenditures of opponents
• § 30118 — Contributions or expenditures by national banks, corporations, or labor organizations
• § 30119 — Contributions by Government contractors
• § 30120 — Publication and distribution of statements and solicitations
• § 30121 — Contributions and donations by foreign nationals
• § 30122 — Contributions in name of another prohibited
• § 30123 — Limitation on contribution of currency
• § 30124 — Fraudulent misrepresentation of campaign authority
• § 30125 — Soft money of political parties
• § 30126 — Prohibition of contributions by minors
• § 30141 — Extension of credit by regulated industries; regulations
• § 30142 — Prohibition against use of certain Federal funds for election activities
• § 30143 — State laws affected
• § 30144 — Partial invalidity
• § 30145 — Period of limitations
• § 30146 — Collection and use of conference fees