Federal

Title 31 — Money and Finance

498 sections, each with the official text and a plain-English explanation of what it means for you.

• § 101 — Agency
• § 102 — Executive agency
• § 103 — United States
• § 1101 — Definitions
• § 1102 — Fiscal year
• § 1103 — Budget ceiling
• § 1104 — Budget and appropriations authority of the President
• § 1105 — Budget contents and submission to Congress
• § 1106 — Supplemental budget estimates and changes
• § 1107 — Deficiency and supplemental appropriations
• § 1108 — Preparation and submission of appropriations requests to the President
• § 1109 — Current programs and activities estimates
• § 1110 — Year-ahead requests for authorizing legislation
• § 1111 — Improving economy and efficiency
• § 1112 — Fiscal, budget, and program information
• § 1113 — Congressional information
• § 1114 — Repealed. Pub. L. 103–355, title II, § 2454(c)(2) , Oct. 13, 1994 , 108 Stat. 3326 ]
• § 1115 — Federal Government and agency performance plans
• § 1116 — Agency performance reporting
• § 1117 — Exemption
• § 1118, 1119 — Repealed. Pub. L. 118–190, § 6(a) , Dec. 23, 2024 , 138 Stat. 2656 ]
• § 1120 — Federal Government and agency priority goals
• § 1121 — Progress reviews and use of performance information
• § 1122 — Transparency of programs, priority goals, and results
• § 1123 — Chief Operating Officers
• § 1124 — Performance Improvement Officers and the Performance Improvement Council
• § 1125 — Elimination of unnecessary agency reporting
• § 1126 — Program Management Improvement Officers and Program Management Policy Council
• § 1301 — Application
• § 1302 — Determining amounts appropriated
• § 1303 — Effect of changes in titles of appropriations
• § 1304 — Judgments, awards, and compromise settlements
• § 1305 — Miscellaneous permanent appropriations
• § 1306 — Use of foreign credits
• § 1307 — Public building construction
• § 1308 — Telephone and metered services
• § 1309 — Social security tax
• § 1310 — Appropriations for private organizations
• § 1321 — Trust funds
• § 1322 — Payments of unclaimed trust fund amounts and refund of amounts erroneously deposited
• § 1323 — Trust funds for certain fees, donations, quasi-public amounts, and unearned amounts
• § 1324 — Refund of internal revenue collections
• § 1341 — Limitations on expending and obligating amounts
• § 1342 — Limitation on voluntary services
• § 1343 — Buying and leasing passenger motor vehicles and aircraft
• § 1344 — Passenger carrier use
• § 1345 — Expenses of meetings
• § 1346 — Commissions, councils, boards, and inter­agency and similar groups
• § 1347 — Appropriations or authorizations required for agencies in existence for more than one year
• § 1348 — Telephone installation and charges
• § 1349 — Adverse personnel actions
• § 1350 — Criminal penalty
• § 1351 — Reports on violations
• § 1352 — Limitation on use of appropriated funds to influence certain Federal contracting and financial transactions
• § 1353 — Acceptance of travel and related expenses from non-Federal sources
• § 1354 — Limitation on use of appropriated funds for contracts with entities not meeting veterans’ employment reporting requirements
• § 1355 — Prohibition on use of funds for portraits
• § 1501 — Documentary evidence requirement for Government obligations
• § 1502 — Balances available
• § 1503 — Comptroller General reports of amounts for which no accounting is made
• § 1511 — Definition and application
• § 1512 — Apportionment and reserves
• § 1513 — Officials controlling apportionments
• § 1514 — Administrative division of apportionments
• § 1515 — Authorized apportionments necessitating deficiency or supplemental appropriations
• § 1516 — Exemptions
• § 1517 — Prohibited obligations and expenditures
• § 1518 — Adverse personnel actions
• § 1519 — Criminal penalty
• § 1531 — Transfers of functions and activities
• § 1532 — Withdrawal and credit
• § 1533 — Transfers of appropriations for salaries and expenses to carry out national defense responsibilities
• § 1534 — Adjustments between appropriations
• § 1535 — Agency agreements
• § 1536 — Crediting payments from purchases between executive agencies
• § 1537 — Services between the United States Government and the District of Columbia government
• § 1551 — Definitions; applicability of subchapter
• § 1552 — Procedure for appropriation accounts available for definite periods
• § 1553 — Availability of appropriation accounts to pay obligations
• § 1554 — Audit, control, and reporting
• § 1555 — Closing of appropriation accounts available for indefinite periods
• § 1556 — Comptroller General: reports on appropriation accounts
• § 1557 — Authority for exemptions in appropriation laws
• § 1558 — Availability of funds following resolution of a formal protest or other challenge
• § 301 — Department of the Treasury
• § 302 — Treasury of the United States
• § 303 — Bureau of Engraving and Printing
• § 304 — United States Mint
• § 305 — Federal Financing Bank
• § 306 — Fiscal Service
• § 307 — Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
• § 308 — United States Customs Service
• § 309 — Office of Thrift Supervision
• § 310 — Financial Crimes Enforcement Network
• § 3101 — Public debt limit
• § 3101A — Presidential modification of the debt ceiling
• § 3102 — Bonds
• § 3103 — Notes
• § 3104 — Certificates of indebtedness and Treasury bills
• § 3105 — Savings bonds and savings certificates
• § 3106 — Retirement and savings bonds
• § 3107 — Increasing interest rates and investment yields on retirement bonds
• § 3108 — Prohibition against circulation privilege
• § 3109 — Tax and loss bonds
• § 311 — Office of Intelligence and Analysis
• § 3110 — Sale of obligations of governments of foreign countries
• § 3111 — New issue used to buy, redeem, or refund outstanding obligations
• § 3112 — Sinking fund for retiring and cancelling bonds and notes
• § 3113 — Accepting gifts
• § 312 — Terrorism and financial intelligence
• § 3121 — Procedure
• § 3122 — Banks and trust companies as depositaries
• § 3123 — Payment of obligations and interest on the public debt
• § 3124 — Exemption from taxation
• § 3125 — Relief for lost, stolen, destroyed, mutilated, or defaced obligations
• § 3126 — Losses and relief from liability related to redeeming savings bonds and notes
• § 3127 — Credit to officers, employees, and agents for stolen Treasury notes
• § 3128 — Proof of death to support payment
• § 3129 — Appropriation to pay expenses
• § 313 — Federal Insurance Office
• § 3130 — Annual public debt report
• § 314 — Covered agreements
• § 315 — Continuing in office
• § 316 — Treasury Attaché Program
• § 321 — General authority of the Secretary
• § 322 — Working capital fund
• § 323 — Investment of operating cash
• § 324 — Disposing and extending the maturity of obligations
• § 325 — International affairs authorization
• § 326 — Availability of appropriations for certain expenses
• § 327 — Advancements and reimbursements for services
• § 328 — Accounts and payments of former disbursing officials
• § 329 — Limitations on outside activities
• § 330 — Practice before the Department
• § 3301 — General duties of the Secretary of the Treasury
• § 3302 — Custodians of money
• § 3303 — Designation of depositaries
• § 3304 — Transfers of public money from depositaries
• § 3305 — Audits of depositaries
• § 331 — Reports
• § 332 — Miscellaneous administrative authority
• § 3321 — Disbursing authority in the executive branch
• § 3322 — Disbursing officials
• § 3323 — Warrants
• § 3324 — Advances
• § 3325 — Vouchers
• § 3326 — Waiver of requirements for warrants and advances
• § 3327 — General authority to issue checks and other drafts
• § 3328 — Paying checks and drafts
• § 3329 — Withholding checks to be sent to foreign countries
• § 333 — Prohibition of misuse of Department of the Treasury names, symbols, etc.
• § 3330 — Payment of Department of Veterans Affairs checks for the benefit of individuals in foreign countries
• § 3331 — Substitute checks
• § 3332 — Required direct deposit
• § 3333 — Relief for payments made without negligence
• § 3334 — Cancellation and proceeds distribution of Treasury checks
• § 3335 — Timely disbursement of Federal funds
• § 3336 — Electronic benefit transfer pilot
• § 3341 — Sale of Government warrants, checks, drafts, and obligations
• § 3342 — Check cashing and exchange transactions
• § 3343 — Check forgery insurance fund
• § 3351 — Definitions
• § 3352 — Estimates of improper payments and reports on actions to reduce improper payments
• § 3353 — Compliance
• § 3354 — Do Not Pay Initiative
• § 3355 — Improving recovery of improper payments
• § 3356 — Improving the use of data by executive agencies for curbing improper payments
• § 3357 — Financial and administrative controls relating to fraud and improper payments
• § 3358 — Interagency working group for Governmentwide payment integrity improvement
• § 3501 — Definition
• § 3511 — Prescribing accounting requirements and developing accounting systems
• § 3512 — Executive agency accounting and other financial management reports and plans
• § 3513 — Financial reporting and accounting system
• § 3514 — Discontinuing certain accounts maintained by the Comptroller General
• § 3515 — Financial statements of agencies
• § 3516 — Reports consolidation
• § 3521 — Audits by agencies
• § 3522 — Making and submitting accounts
• § 3523 — General audit authority of the Comptroller General
• § 3524 — Auditing expenditures approved without vouchers
• § 3525 — Auditing nonappropriated fund activities
• § 3526 — Settlement of accounts
• § 3527 — General authority to relieve accountable officials and agents from liability
• § 3528 — Responsibilities and relief from liability of certifying officials
• § 3529 — Requests for decisions of the Comptroller General
• § 3530 — Adjusting accounts
• § 3531 — Repealed. Pub. L. 104–316, title I, § 115(f)(1) , Oct. 19, 1996 , 110 Stat. 3834 ]
• § 3532 — Notification of account deficiencies
• § 3541 — Distress warrants
• § 3542 — Carrying out distress warrants
• § 3543 — Postponing a distress warrant proceeding
• § 3544 — Rights and remedies of the United States Government reserved
• § 3545 — Civil action to recover money
• § 3551 — Definitions
• § 3552 — Protests by interested parties concerning procurement actions
• § 3553 — Review of protests; effect on contracts pending decision
• § 3554 — Decisions on protests
• § 3555 — Regulations; authority of Comptroller General to verify assertions
• § 3556 — Nonexclusivity of remedies; matters included in agency record
• § 3557 — Expedited action in protests of public-private competitions