California

Evidence Code

515 sections, each with the official text and a plain-English explanation of what it means for you.

• § 1360 — (a) In a criminal prosecution where the victim is a minor, a statement made by the victim when under the age of 12 describing any act of child abuse or neglect performed with or on the child by anothe
• § 1370 — (a) Evidence of a statement by a declarant is not made inadmissible by the hearsay rule if all of the following conditions are met: (1) The statement purports to narrate, describe, or explain the infl
• § 1380 — (a) In a criminal proceeding charging a violation, or attempted violation, of Section 368 of the Penal Code, evidence of a statement made by a declarant is not made inadmissible by the hearsay rule if
• § 1390 — (a) Evidence of a statement is not made inadmissible by the hearsay rule if the statement is offered against a party that has engaged, or aided and abetted, in the wrongdoing that was intended to, and
• § 140 — “Evidence” means testimony, writings, material objects, or other things presented to the senses that are offered to prove the existence or nonexistence of a fact.
• § 1400 — Authentication of a writing means (a) the introduction of evidence sufficient to sustain a finding that it is the writing that the proponent of the evidence claims it is or (b) the establishment of su
• § 1401 — (a) Authentication of a writing is required before it may be received in evidence.
• § 1402 — The party producing a writing as genuine which has been altered, or appears to have been altered, after its execution, in a part material to the question in dispute, must account for the alteration or
• § 1410 — Nothing in this article shall be construed to limit the means by which a writing may be authenticated or proved.
• § 1410.5 — (a) For purposes of this chapter, a writing shall include any graffiti consisting of written words, insignia, symbols, or any other markings which convey a particular meaning.
• § 1411 — Except as provided by statute, the testimony of a subscribing witness is not required to authenticate a writing.
• § 1412 — If the testimony of a subscribing witness is required by statute to authenticate a writing and the subscribing witness denies or does not recollect the execution of the writing, the writing may be aut
• § 1413 — A writing may be authenticated by anyone who saw the writing made or executed, including a subscribing witness.
• § 1414 — A writing may be authenticated by evidence that: (a) The party against whom it is offered has at any time admitted its authenticity; or (b) The writing has been acted upon as authentic by the party ag
• § 1415 — A writing may be authenticated by evidence of the genuineness of the handwriting of the maker.
• § 1416 — A witness who is not otherwise qualified to testify as an expert may state his opinion whether a writing is in the handwriting of a supposed writer if the court finds that he has personal knowledge of
• § 1417 — The genuineness of handwriting, or the lack thereof, may be proved by a comparison made by the trier of fact with handwriting (a) which the court finds was admitted or treated as genuine by the party
• § 1418 — The genuineness of writing, or the lack thereof, may be proved by a comparison made by an expert witness with writing (a) which the court finds was admitted or treated as genuine by the party against
• § 1419 — Where a writing whose genuineness is sought to be proved is more than 30 years old, the comparison under Section 1417 or 1418 may be made with writing purporting to be genuine, and generally respected
• § 1420 — A writing may be authenticated by evidence that the writing was received in response to a communication sent to the person who is claimed by the proponent of the evidence to be the author of the writi
• § 1421 — A writing may be authenticated by evidence that the writing refers to or states matters that are unlikely to be known to anyone other than the person who is claimed by the proponent of the evidence to
• § 145 — “The hearing” means the hearing at which a question under this code arises, and not some earlier or later hearing.
• § 1450 — The presumptions established by this article are presumptions affecting the burden of producing evidence.
• § 1451 — A certificate of the acknowledgment of a writing other than a will, or a certificate of the proof of such a writing, is prima facie evidence of the facts recited in the certificate and the genuineness
• § 1452 — A seal is presumed to be genuine and its use authorized if it purports to be the seal of: (a) The United States or a department, agency, or public employee of the United States.
• § 1453 — A signature is presumed to be genuine and authorized if it purports to be the signature, affixed in his official capacity, of: (a) A public employee of the United States.
• § 1454 — A signature is presumed to be genuine and authorized if it purports to be the signature, affixed in his official capacity, of an officer, or deputy of an officer, of a nation or public entity in a nat
• § 150 — “Hearsay evidence” is defined in Section 1200.
• § 1520 — The content of a writing may be proved by an otherwise admissible original.
• § 1521 — (a) The content of a writing may be proved by otherwise admissible secondary evidence.
• § 1522 — (a) In addition to the grounds for exclusion authorized by Section 1521, in a criminal action the court shall exclude secondary evidence of the content of a writing if the court determines that the or
• § 1523 — (a) Except as otherwise provided by statute, oral testimony is not admissible to prove the content of a writing.
• § 1530 — (a) A purported copy of a writing in the custody of a public entity, or of an entry in such a writing, is prima facie evidence of the existence and content of such writing or entry if: (1) The copy pu
• § 1531 — For the purpose of evidence, whenever a copy of a writing is attested or certified, the attestation or certificate must state in substance that the copy is a correct copy of the original, or of a spec
• § 1532 — (a) The official record of a writing is prima facie evidence of the existence and content of the original recorded writing if: (1) The record is in fact a record of an office of a public entity; and (
• § 1550 — (a) If made and preserved as a part of the records of a business, as defined in Section 1270, in the regular course of that business, the following types of evidence of a writing are as admissible as
• § 1550.1 — Reproductions of files, records, writings, photographs, fingerprints or other instruments in the official custody of a criminal justice agency that were microphotographed or otherwise reproduced in a
• § 1551 — A print, whether enlarged or not, from a photographic film (including a photographic plate, microphotographic film, photostatic negative, or similar reproduction) of an original writing destroyed or l
• § 1552 — (a) A printed representation of computer information or a computer program is presumed to be an accurate representation of the computer information or computer program that it purports to represent.
• § 1553 — (a) A printed representation of images stored on a video or digital medium is presumed to be an accurate representation of the images it purports to represent.
• § 1560 — (a) As used in this article: (1) “Business” includes every kind of business described in Section 1270.
• § 1561 — (a) The records shall be accompanied by the affidavit of the custodian or other qualified witness, stating in substance each of the following: (1) The affiant is the duly authorized custodian of the r
• § 1562 — If the original records would be admissible in evidence if the custodian or other qualified witness had been present and testified to the matters stated in the affidavit, and if the requirements of Se
• § 1563 — (a) This article does not require tender or payment of more than one witness fee and one mileage fee or other charge, to a witness or witness’ business, unless there is an agreement to the contrary be
• § 1564 — The personal attendance of the custodian or other qualified witness and the production of the original records is not required unless, at the discretion of the requesting party, the subpoena duces tec
• § 1565 — If more than one subpoena duces tecum is served upon the custodian of records or other qualified witness and the personal attendance of the custodian or other qualified witness is required pursuant to
• § 1566 — This article applies in any proceeding in which testimony can be compelled.
• § 1567 — A completed form described in Section 3664 of the Family Code for income and benefit information provided by the employer may be admissible in a proceeding for modification or termination of an order
• § 160 — “Law” includes constitutional, statutory, and decisional law.
• § 1600 — (a) The record of an instrument or other document purporting to establish or affect an interest in property is prima facie evidence of the existence and content of the original recorded document and i
• § 1601 — (a) Subject to subdivisions (b) and (c), when in any action it is desired to prove the contents of the official record of any writing lost or destroyed by conflagration or other public calamity, after
• § 1603 — A deed of conveyance of real property, purporting to have been executed by a proper officer in pursuance of legal process of any of the courts of record of this state, acknowledged and recorded in the
• § 1604 — A certificate of purchase, or of location, of any lands in this state, issued or made in pursuance of any law of the United States or of this state, is prima facie evidence that the holder or assignee
• § 1605 — Duplicate copies and authenticated translations of original Spanish title papers relating to land claims in this state, derived from the Spanish or Mexican governments, prepared under the supervision
• § 165 — “Oath” includes affirmation or declaration under penalty of perjury.
• § 170 — “Perceive” means to acquire knowledge through one’s senses.
• § 175 — “Person” includes a natural person, firm, association, organization, partnership, business trust, corporation, limited liability company, or public entity.
• § 177 — “Dependent person” means a person, regardless of whether the person lives independently, who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially restricts his or her ability to carry out normal act
• § 180 — “Personal property” includes money, goods, chattels, things in action, and evidences of debt.
• § 185 — “Property” includes both real and personal property.
• § 190 — “Proof” is the establishment by evidence of a requisite degree of belief concerning a fact in the mind of the trier of fact or the court.
• § 195 — “Public employee” means an officer, agent, or employee of a public entity.
• § 2 — The rule of the common law, that statutes in derogation thereof are to be strictly construed, has no application to this code.
• § 200 — “Public entity” includes a nation, state, county, city and county, city, district, public authority, public agency, or any other political subdivision or public corporation, whether foreign or domesti
• § 205 — “Real property” includes lands, tenements, and hereditaments.
• § 210 — “Relevant evidence” means evidence, including evidence relevant to the credibility of a witness or hearsay declarant, having any tendency in reason to prove or disprove any disputed fact that is of co
• § 215 — “Spouse” includes “registered domestic partner,” as required by Section 297.
• § 220 — “State” means the State of California, unless applied to the different parts of the United States.
• § 225 — “Statement” means (a) oral or written verbal expression or (b) nonverbal conduct of a person intended by him as a substitute for oral or written verbal expression.
• § 230 — “Statute” includes a treaty and a constitutional provision.
• § 235 — “Trier of fact” includes (a) the jury and (b) the court when the court is trying an issue of fact other than one relating to the admissibility of evidence.
• § 240 — (a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), “unavailable as a witness” means that the declarant is any of the following: (1) Exempted or precluded on the ground of privilege from testifying c
• § 250 — “Writing” means handwriting, typewriting, printing, photostating, photographing, photocopying, transmitting by electronic mail or facsimile, and every other means of recording upon any tangible thing,
• § 255 — “Original” means the writing itself or any counterpart intended to have the same effect by a person executing or issuing it.
• § 260 — A “duplicate” is a counterpart produced by the same impression as the original, or from the same matrix, or by means of photography, including enlargements and miniatures, or by mechanical or electron
• § 3 — If any provision or clause of this code or application thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, such invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of the code which can b
• § 300 — Except as otherwise provided by statute, this code applies in every action before the Supreme Court or a court of appeal or superior court, including proceedings in such actions conducted by a referee
• § 310 — (a) All questions of law (including but not limited to questions concerning the construction of statutes and other writings, the admissibility of evidence, and other rules of evidence) are to be decid
• § 311 — If the law of an organization of nations, a foreign nation or a state other than this state, or a public entity in a foreign nation or a state other than this state, is applicable and such law cannot
• § 312 — Except as otherwise provided by law, where the trial is by jury: (a) All questions of fact are to be decided by the jury.
• § 320 — Except as otherwise provided by law, the court in its discretion shall regulate the order of proof.
• § 350 — No evidence is admissible except relevant evidence.
• § 351 — Except as otherwise provided by statute, all relevant evidence is admissible.
• § 351.1 — (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the results of a polygraph examination, the opinion of a polygraph examiner, or any reference to an offer to take, failure to take, or taking of a polyg
• § 351.2 — (a) In a civil action for personal injury or wrongful death, evidence of a person’s immigration status shall not be admitted into evidence, nor shall discovery into a person’s immigration status be pe
• § 351.3 — (a) In a civil action not governed by Section 351.
• § 351.4 — (a) In a criminal action, evidence of a person’s immigration status shall not be disclosed in open court by a party or their attorney unless the judge presiding over the matter first determines that t
• § 352 — The court in its discretion may exclude evidence if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the probability that its admission will (a) necessitate undue consumption of time or (b) create s
• § 352.1 — In any criminal proceeding under Section 261, 262, or 264.
• § 352.2 — (a) In any criminal proceeding where a party seeks to admit as evidence a form of creative expression, the court, while balancing the probative value of that evidence against the substantial danger of
• § 353 — A verdict or finding shall not be set aside, nor shall the judgment or decision based thereon be reversed, by reason of the erroneous admission of evidence unless: (a) There appears of record an objec
• § 354 — A verdict or finding shall not be set aside, nor shall the judgment or decision based thereon be reversed, by reason of the erroneous exclusion of evidence unless the court which passes upon the effec
• § 355 — When evidence is admissible as to one party or for one purpose and is inadmissible as to another party or for another purpose, the court upon request shall restrict the evidence to its proper scope an
• § 356 — Where part of an act, declaration, conversation, or writing is given in evidence by one party, the whole on the same subject may be inquired into by an adverse party; when a letter is read, the answer
• § 4 — Unless the provision or context otherwise requires, these preliminary provisions and rules of construction shall govern the construction of this code.
• § 400 — As used in this article, “preliminary fact” means a fact upon the existence or nonexistence of which depends the admissibility or inadmissibility of evidence.
• § 401 — As used in this article, “proffered evidence” means evidence, the admissibility or inadmissibility of which is dependent upon the existence or nonexistence of a preliminary fact.
• § 402 — (a) When the existence of a preliminary fact is disputed, its existence or nonexistence shall be determined as provided in this article.
• § 403 — (a) The proponent of the proffered evidence has the burden of producing evidence as to the existence of the preliminary fact, and the proffered evidence is inadmissible unless the court finds that the
• § 404 — Whenever the proffered evidence is claimed to be privileged under Section 940, the person claiming the privilege has the burden of showing that the proffered evidence might tend to incriminate him; an
• § 405 — With respect to preliminary fact determinations not governed by Section 403 or 404: (a) When the existence of a preliminary fact is disputed, the court shall indicate which party has the burden of pro
• § 406 — This article does not limit the right of a party to introduce before the trier of fact evidence relevant to weight or credibility.
• § 410 — As used in this chapter, “direct evidence” means evidence that directly proves a fact, without an inference or presumption, and which in itself, if true, conclusively establishes that fact.
• § 411 — Except where additional evidence is required by statute, the direct evidence of one witness who is entitled to full credit is sufficient for proof of any fact.
• § 412 — If weaker and less satisfactory evidence is offered when it was within the power of the party to produce stronger and more satisfactory evidence, the evidence offered should be viewed with distrust.
• § 413 — In determining what inferences to draw from the evidence or facts in the case against a party, the trier of fact may consider, among other things, the party’s failure to explain or to deny by his test
• § 450 — Judicial notice may not be taken of any matter unless authorized or required by law.
• § 451 — Judicial notice shall be taken of the following: (a) The decisional, constitutional, and public statutory law of this state and of the United States and the provisions of any charter described in Sect
• § 452 — Judicial notice may be taken of the following matters to the extent that they are not embraced within Section 451: (a) The decisional, constitutional, and statutory law of any state of the United Stat
• § 452.5 — (a) The official acts and records specified in subdivisions (c) and (d) of Section 452 include any computer-generated official court records, as specified by the Judicial Council, that relate to crimi
• § 453 — The trial court shall take judicial notice of any matter specified in Section 452 if a party requests it and: (a) Gives each adverse party sufficient notice of the request, through the pleadings or ot
• § 454 — (a) In determining the propriety of taking judicial notice of a matter, or the tenor thereof: (1) Any source of pertinent information, including the advice of persons learned in the subject matter, ma
• § 455 — With respect to any matter specified in Section 452 or in subdivision (f) of Section 451 that is of substantial consequence to the determination of the action: (a) If the trial court has been requeste
• § 456 — If the trial court denies a request to take judicial notice of any matter, the court shall at the earliest practicable time so advise the parties and indicate for the record that it has denied the req
• § 457 — If a matter judicially noticed is a matter which would otherwise have been for determination by the jury, the trial court may, and upon request shall, instruct the jury to accept as a fact the matter
• § 458 — The failure or refusal of the trial court to take judicial notice of a matter, or to instruct the jury with respect to the matter, does not preclude the trial court in subsequent proceedings in the ac
• § 459 — (a) The reviewing court shall take judicial notice of (1) each matter properly noticed by the trial court and (2) each matter that the trial court was required to notice under Section 451 or 453.
• § 460 — Where the advice of persons learned in the subject matter is required in order to enable the court to take judicial notice of a matter, the court on its own motion or on motion of any party may appoin
• § 5 — Division, chapter, article, and section headings do not in any manner affect the scope, meaning, or intent of the provisions of this code.
• § 500 — Except as otherwise provided by law, a party has the burden of proof as to each fact the existence or nonexistence of which is essential to the claim for relief or defense that he is asserting.
• § 501 — Insofar as any statute, except Section 522, assigns the burden of proof in a criminal action, such statute is subject to Penal Code Section 1096.
• § 502 — The court on all proper occasions shall instruct the jury as to which party bears the burden of proof on each issue and as to whether that burden requires that a party raise a reasonable doubt concern
• § 520 — The party claiming that a person is guilty of crime or wrongdoing has the burden of proof on that issue.
• § 521 — The party claiming that a person did not exercise a requisite degree of care has the burden of proof on that issue.
• § 522 — The party claiming that any person, including himself, is or was insane has the burden of proof on that issue.
• § 523 — In any action where the state is a party, regardless of who is the moving party, where (a) the boundary of land patented or otherwise granted by the state is in dispute, or (b) the validity of any sta
• § 524 — (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in a civil proceeding to which the State Board of Equalization is a party, that board shall have the burden of proof by clear and convincing evidence in
• § 550 — (a) The burden of producing evidence as to a particular fact is on the party against whom a finding on that fact would be required in the absence of further evidence.
• § 6 — Whenever any reference is made to any portion of this code or of any other statute, such reference shall apply to all amendments and additions heretofore or hereafter made.
• § 600 — (a) A presumption is an assumption of fact that the law requires to be made from another fact or group of facts found or otherwise established in the action.
• § 601 — A presumption is either conclusive or rebuttable.
• § 602 — A statute providing that a fact or group of facts is prima facie evidence of another fact establishes a rebuttable presumption.
• § 603 — A presumption affecting the burden of producing evidence is a presumption established to implement no public policy other than to facilitate the determination of the particular action in which the pre
• § 604 — The effect of a presumption affecting the burden of producing evidence is to require the trier of fact to assume the existence of the presumed fact unless and until evidence is introduced which would
• § 605 — A presumption affecting the burden of proof is a presumption established to implement some public policy other than to facilitate the determination of the particular action in which the presumption is
• § 606 — The effect of a presumption affecting the burden of proof is to impose upon the party against whom it operates the burden of proof as to the nonexistence of the presumed fact.
• § 607 — When a presumption affecting the burden of proof operates in a criminal action to establish presumptively any fact that is essential to the defendant’s guilt, the presumption operates only if the fact
• § 620 — The presumptions established by this article, and all other presumptions declared by law to be conclusive, are conclusive presumptions.
• § 622 — The facts recited in a written instrument are conclusively presumed to be true as between the parties thereto, or their successors in interest; but this rule does not apply to the recital of a conside
• § 623 — Whenever a party has, by his own statement or conduct, intentionally and deliberately led another to believe a particular thing true and to act upon such belief, he is not, in any litigation arising o
• § 624 — A tenant is not permitted to deny the title of his landlord at the time of the commencement of the relation.
• § 630 — The presumptions established by this article, and all other rebuttable presumptions established by law that fall within the criteria of Section 603, are presumptions affecting the burden of producing
• § 631 — Money delivered by one to another is presumed to have been due to the latter.
• § 632 — A thing delivered by one to another is presumed to have belonged to the latter.
• § 633 — An obligation delivered up to the debtor is presumed to have been paid.
• § 634 — A person in possession of an order on himself for the payment of money, or delivery of a thing, is presumed to have paid the money or delivered the thing accordingly.
• § 635 — An obligation possessed by the creditor is presumed not to have been paid.
• § 636 — The payment of earlier rent or installments is presumed from a receipt for later rent or installments.
• § 637 — The things which a person possesses are presumed to be owned by him.
• § 638 — A person who exercises acts of ownership over property is presumed to be the owner of it.
• § 639 — A judgment, when not conclusive, is presumed to correctly determine or set forth the rights of the parties, but there is no presumption that the facts essential to the judgment have been correctly det
• § 640 — A writing is presumed to have been truly dated.
• § 641 — A letter correctly addressed and properly mailed is presumed to have been received in the ordinary course of mail.
• § 642 — A trustee or other person, whose duty it was to convey real property to a particular person, is presumed to have actually conveyed to him when such presumption is necessary to perfect title of such pe
• § 643 — A deed or will or other writing purporting to create, terminate, or affect an interest in real or personal property is presumed to be authentic if it: (a) Is at least 30 years old; (b) Is in such cond
• § 644 — A book, purporting to be printed or published by public authority, is presumed to have been so printed or published.
• § 645 — A book, purporting to contain reports of cases adjudged in the tribunals of the state or nation where the book is published, is presumed to contain correct reports of such cases.
• § 645.1 — Printed materials, purporting to be a particular newspaper or periodical, are presumed to be that newspaper or periodical if regularly issued at average intervals not exceeding three months.
• § 646 — (a) As used in this section, “defendant” includes any party against whom the res ipsa loquitur presumption operates.
• § 647 — The return of a process server registered pursuant to Chapter 16 (commencing with Section 22350) of Division 8 of the Business and Professions Code upon process or notice establishes a presumption, af
• § 660 — The presumptions established by this article, and all other rebuttable presumptions established by law that fall within the criteria of Section 605, are presumptions affecting the burden of proof.
• § 662 — The owner of the legal title to property is presumed to be the owner of the full beneficial title.
• § 663 — A ceremonial marriage is presumed to be valid.
• § 664 — It is presumed that official duty has been regularly performed.
• § 665 — A person is presumed to intend the ordinary consequences of his voluntary act.
• § 666 — Any court of this state or the United States, or any court of general jurisdiction in any other state or nation, or any judge of such a court, acting as such, is presumed to have acted in the lawful e
• § 667 — A person not heard from in five years is presumed to be dead.
• § 668 — An unlawful intent is presumed from the doing of an unlawful act.
• § 669 — (a) The failure of a person to exercise due care is presumed if: (1) He violated a statute, ordinance, or regulation of a public entity; (2) The violation proximately caused death or injury to person
• § 669.1 — A rule, policy, manual, or guideline of state or local government setting forth standards of conduct or guidelines for its employees in the conduct of their public employment shall not be considered a
• § 669.5 — (a) Any ordinance enacted by the governing body of a city, county, or city and county which (1) directly limits, by number, the building permits that may be issued for residential construction or the
• § 670 — (a) In any dispute concerning payment by means of a check, a copy of the check produced in accordance with Section 1550 of the Evidence Code, together with the original bank statement that reflects pa
• § 7 — Unless otherwise expressly stated: (a) “Division” means a division of this code.
• § 700 — Except as otherwise provided by statute, every person, irrespective of age, is qualified to be a witness and no person is disqualified to testify to any matter.
• § 701 — (a) A person is disqualified to be a witness if he or she is: (1) Incapable of expressing himself or herself concerning the matter so as to be understood, either directly or through interpretation by
• § 702 — (a) Subject to Section 801, the testimony of a witness concerning a particular matter is inadmissible unless he has personal knowledge of the matter.
• § 703 — (a) Before the judge presiding at the trial of an action may be called to testify in that trial as a witness, he shall, in proceedings held out of the presence and hearing of the jury, inform the part
• § 703.5 — No person presiding at any judicial or quasi-judicial proceeding, and no arbitrator or mediator, shall be competent to testify, in any subsequent civil proceeding, as to any statement, conduct, decisi
• § 704 — (a) Before a juror sworn and impaneled in the trial of an action may be called to testify before the jury in that trial as a witness, he shall, in proceedings conducted by the court out of the presenc
• § 710 — Every witness before testifying shall take an oath or make an affirmation or declaration in the form provided by law, except that a child under the age of 10 or a dependent person with a substantial c
• § 711 — At the trial of an action, a witness can be heard only in the presence and subject to the examination of all the parties to the action, if they choose to attend and examine.
• § 712 — Notwithstanding Sections 711 and 1200, at the trial of a criminal action, evidence of the technique used in taking blood samples may be given by a registered nurse, licensed vocational nurse, or licen
• § 720 — (a) A person is qualified to testify as an expert if he has special knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education sufficient to qualify him as an expert on the subject to which his testimony re
• § 721 — (a) Subject to subdivision (b), a witness testifying as an expert may be cross-examined to the same extent as any other witness and, in addition, may be fully cross-examined as to (1) his or her quali
• § 722 — (a) The fact of the appointment of an expert witness by the court may be revealed to the trier of fact.
• § 723 — The court may, at any time before or during the trial of an action, limit the number of expert witnesses to be called by any party.
• § 730 — When it appears to the court, at any time before or during the trial of an action, that expert evidence is or may be required by the court or by any party to the action, the court on its own motion or
• § 731 — (a) (1) In all criminal actions and juvenile court proceedings, the compensation fixed under Section 730 shall be a charge against the county in which the action or proceeding is pending and shall be
• § 732 — Any expert appointed by the court under Section 730 may be called and examined by the court or by any party to the action.
• § 733 — Nothing contained in this article shall be deemed or construed to prevent any party to any action from producing other expert evidence on the same fact or matter mentioned in Section 730; but, where o
• § 750 — A person who serves as an interpreter or translator in any action is subject to all the rules of law relating to witnesses.
• § 751 — (a) An interpreter shall take an oath that he or she will make a true interpretation to the witness in a language that the witness understands and that he or she will make a true interpretation of the
• § 752 — (a) When a witness is incapable of understanding the English language or is incapable of expressing himself or herself in the English language so as to be understood directly by counsel, court, and ju
• § 753 — (a) When the written characters in a writing offered in evidence are incapable of being deciphered or understood directly, a translator who can decipher the characters or understand the language shall
• § 754 — (a) As used in this section, “individual who is deaf or hard of hearing” means an individual with a hearing loss so great as to prevent his or her understanding language spoken in a normal tone, but d
• § 754.5 — Whenever an otherwise valid privilege exists between an individual who is deaf or hard of hearing and another person, that privilege is not waived merely because an interpreter was used to facilitate
• § 755.5 — (a) During any medical examination, requested by an insurer or by the defendant, of a person who is a party to a civil action and who does not proficiently speak or understand the English language, co
• § 756 — (a) To the extent required by other state or federal laws, the Judicial Council shall reimburse courts for court interpreter services provided in civil actions and proceedings to any party who is pres