42 U.S.C. § 16232: Bioenergy program

any organic material grown for the purpose of being converted to energy; any organic byproduct of agriculture (including wastes from food production and processing) that can be converted into energy; or any of the following forest-related resources: mill residues, precommercial thinnings, slash, brush, or otherwise nonmerchantable material; or wood waste materials, including waste pallets, crates, dunnage, manufacturing and construction wood wastes (other than pressure-treated, chemically-treated, or painted wood wastes), and landscape or right-of-way tree trimmings, but not including municipal solid waste, gas derived from the biodegradation of municipal solid waste, or paper that is commonly recycled. The term “lignocellulosic feedstock” means any portion of a plant or coproduct from conversion, including crops, trees, forest residues, and agricultural residues not specifically grown for food, including from barley grain, grapeseed, rice bran, rice hulls, rice straw, soybean matter, and sugarcane bagasse. biopower energy systems; biofuels; bioproducts; integrated biorefineries that may produce biopower, biofuels, and bioproducts; cross-cutting research and development in feedstocks; and economic analysis. advanced biochemical and thermochemical conversion technologies capable of making fuels from lignocellulosic feedstocks that are price-competitive with gasoline or diesel in either internal combustion engines or fuel cell-powered vehicles; advanced biotechnology processes capable of making biofuels and bioproducts with emphasis on development of biorefinery technologies using enzyme-based processing systems; advanced biotechnology processes capable of increasing energy production from lignocellulosic feedstocks, with emphasis on reducing the dependence of industry on fossil fuels in manufacturing facilities; and other advanced processes that will enable the development of cost-effective bioproducts, including biofuels. the demonstration of a wide variety of lignocellulosic feedstocks; liquid transportation fuels; high-value biobased chemicals; substitutes for petroleum-based feedstocks and products; and energy in the form of electricity or useful heat; and the demonstration of the collection and treatment of a variety of biomass feedstocks. demonstrate that the project will be able to operate profitably without direct Federal subsidy after initial construction costs are paid; and enable the biorefinery to be easily replicated. heat rates of diesel fuels with large quantities of cellulosic content; the reliability of operation of various fuel blends; performance in cold or freezing weather; stability of fuel after extended storage; and other criteria, as determined by the Secretary. The Secretary shall establish a program of research, development, demonstration, and commercial application for increasing energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption in the operation of biorefinery facilities. The Secretary shall establish a program of research, development, demonstration, and commercial application on technologies and processes to enable biorefineries that exclusively use corn grain or corn starch as a feedstock to produce ethanol to be retrofitted to accept a range of biomass, including lignocellulosic feedstocks.