34 U.S.C. § 10446: State grants

The Attorney General may make grants to States, for use by States, State and local courts (including juvenile courts), units of local government, victim service providers, and Indian tribal governments for the purposes described in section 10441(b) of this title . 10 percent shall be available for grants under the program authorized by section 10452 of this title , which shall not otherwise be subject to the requirements of this subchapter (other than section 10447 of this title ); 2.5 percent shall be available for grants for State domestic violence coalitions under section 10441(c) of this title , with the coalition for each State, the coalition for the District of Columbia, the coalition for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the coalition for Guam, the coalition for American Samoa, the coalition for the United States Virgin Islands, and the coalition for the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands., 1 each receiving an amount equal to 1 So in original. 1 ⁄ 56 of the total amount made available under this paragraph for each fiscal year; 2.5 percent shall be available for grants for State sexual assault coalitions under section 10441(c) of this title , with the coalition for each State, the coalition for the District of Columbia, the coalition for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, coalitions for Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, each receiving an amount equal to 1 ⁄ 56 of the total amount made available under this paragraph for each fiscal year; 1 ⁄ 56 shall be available for grants under section 10441(d) of this title ; $600,000 shall be available for grants to applicants in each State; and the remaining funds shall be available for grants to applicants in each State in an amount that bears the same ratio to the amount of remaining funds as the population of the State bears to the population of all of the States that results from a distribution among the States on the basis of each State’s population in relation to the population of all States. the funds shall be used for any of the purposes described in section 10441(b) of this title ; the State sexual assault coalition; the State domestic violence coalition; the law enforcement entities within the State; prosecution offices; State and local courts; Tribal governments in those States with State or federally recognized Indian tribes; representatives from underserved populations, including culturally specific populations; victim service providers; population specific organizations; and other entities that the State or the Attorney General identifies as needed for the planning process; grantees shall coordinate the State implementation plan described in paragraph (2) with the State plans described in section 10407 of title 42 and the programs described in section 20103 of this title and section 280b–1b of title 42 . 2 2 So in original. The period should probably be a semicolon. not less than 25 percent shall be allocated for law enforcement; not less than 25 percent shall be allocated for prosecutors; not less than 30 percent shall be allocated for victims services of which at least 10 percent shall be distributed to culturally specific community-based organizations; and not less than 5 percent shall be allocated to State and local courts (including juvenile courts); and 4 4 So in original. The word “and” probably should not appear. 3 any Federal funds received under this subchapter shall be used to supplement, not supplant, non-Federal funds that would otherwise be available for activities funded under this subchapter. 2 , 5 5 See References in Text note below. not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, 5 and every year thereafter, not less than 20 percent of the total amount granted to a State under this subchapter 5 shall be allocated for programs or projects in 2 or more allocations listed in paragraph (4) that meaningfully address sexual assault, including stranger rape, acquaintance rape, alcohol or drug-facilitated rape, and rape within the context of an intimate partner relationship. the certifications of qualification required under subsection (c); proof of compliance with the requirements for the payment of forensic medical exams and judicial notification, described in section 10449 of this title ; proof of compliance with the requirements for paying fees and costs relating to domestic violence and protection order cases, described in section 10450 of this title ; proof of compliance with the requirements prohibiting polygraph examinations of victims of sexual assault, described in section 10451 of this title ; proof of compliance with the requirements regarding training for victim-centered prosecution described in section 10454 of this title ; certification of compliance with the grant conditions under section 12291(b) of this title , as applicable; an implementation plan required under subsection (i); and any other documentation that the Attorney General may require. disburse the appropriate sums provided for under this subchapter; or inform the applicant why the application does not conform to the terms of section 10181 5 of this title or to the requirements of this section. give priority to areas of varying geographic size with the greatest showing of need based on the availability of existing domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking programs in the population and geographic area to be served in relation to the availability of such programs in other such populations and geographic areas; determine the amount of subgrants based on the population and geographic area to be served; equitably distribute monies on a geographic basis including nonurban and rural areas of various geographic sizes; and recognize and meaningfully respond to the needs of underserved populations and ensure that monies set aside to fund culturally specific services and activities for underserved populations are distributed equitably among those populations. In disbursing grants under this subchapter, the Attorney General may impose reasonable conditions on grant awards to ensure that the States meet statutory, regulatory, and other program requirements. The Federal share of a grant made under this subchapter 5 may not exceed 75 percent of the total costs of the projects described in the application submitted, except that, for purposes of this subsection, the costs of the projects for victim services or tribes for which there is an exemption under section 12291(b)(1) of this title shall not count toward the total costs of the projects. Funds appropriated by the Congress for the activities of any agency of an Indian tribal government or of the Bureau of Indian Affairs performing law enforcement functions on any Indian lands may be used to provide the non-Federal share of the cost of programs or projects funded under this subchapter. Upon completion of the grant period under this subchapter, a State or Indian tribal grantee shall file a performance report with the Attorney General explaining the activities carried out, which report shall include an assessment of the effectiveness of those activities in achieving the purposes of this subchapter. A section of the performance report shall be completed by each grantee and subgrantee that performed the direct services contemplated in the application, certifying performance of direct services under the grant. an applicant fails to submit an annual performance report; funds are expended for purposes other than those described in this subchapter; or a report under paragraph (1) or accompanying assessments demonstrate to the Attorney General that the program is ineffective or financially unsound. develop an implementation plan in consultation with the entities listed in subsection (c)(2), that identifies how the State will use the funds awarded under this subchapter, including how the State will meet the requirements of subsection (c)(5) and the requirements under section 12291(b) of this title , as applicable; and the implementation plan developed under paragraph (1); documentation from each member of the planning committee as to their participation in the planning process; the need for the grant funds; the intended use of the grant funds; the expected result of the grant funds; and the demographic characteristics of the populations to be served, including age, disability, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity, and language background; a description of how the State will ensure that any subgrantees will consult with victim service providers during the course of developing their grant applications in order to ensure that the proposed activities are designed to promote the safety, confidentiality, and economic independence of victims; demographic data on the distribution of underserved populations within the State and a description of how the State will meet the needs of underserved populations, including the minimum allocation for population specific services required under subsection (c)(4)(C); a description of how the State plans to meet the regulations issued pursuant to subsection (e)(2); goals and objectives for reducing domestic violence-related homicides within the State; and any other information requested by the Attorney General. funds from a subgrant awarded under this subchapter are returned to the State; or the State does not receive sufficient eligible applications to award the full funding within the allocations in subsection (c)(4). means a private family court proceeding in State or local court that, with respect to a child, involves the care or custody of the child in a private divorce, separation, visitation, paternity, child support, legal or physical custody, or civil protection order proceeding between the parents of the child; and any child protective, abuse, or neglect proceeding; a juvenile justice proceeding; or any child placement proceeding in which a State, local, or Tribal government, a designee of such a government, or any contracted child welfare agency or child protective services agency of such a government is a party to the proceeding. receives a grant under subsection (a); and each law described in paragraph (3); the standards described in paragraph (4); and the training program described in paragraph (5). The term “reunification treatment” means a treatment or therapy aimed at reuniting or reestablishing a relationship between a child and an estranged or rejected parent or other family member of the child. The Attorney General shall increase the amount of a grant awarded under subsection (a) to an eligible State that submits an application under paragraph (6) by an amount that is not more than 10 percent of the average of the total amount of funding provided to the State under subsection (a) under the 3 most recent awards to the State. An increase of a grant under subparagraph (A) shall be for 1 fiscal year. An eligible State that receives an increase under subparagraph (A) may submit an application for renewal of the increase at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Attorney General may reasonably require. An eligible State may not receive an increase under subparagraph (A) for more than 4 fiscal years. expert evidence from a court-appointed or outside professional relating to the alleged abuse may be admitted only if the professional possesses demonstrated expertise and clinical experience in working with victims of domestic violence or child abuse, including child sexual abuse, that is not solely of a forensic nature; and any past or current protection or restraining orders against the accused parent; sexual violence abuse protection orders against the accused parent; arrests of the accused parent for domestic violence, sexual violence, or child abuse; or convictions of the accused parent for domestic violence, sexual violence, or child abuse. who is competent, protective, and not physically or sexually abusive; and with whom the child is bonded or to whom the child is attached; who is competent, protective, and not physically or sexually abusive; and with whom the child is bonded or to whom the child is attached; a court may not order a reunification treatment, unless there is generally accepted and scientifically valid proof of the safety, effectiveness, and therapeutic value of the reunification treatment; a court may not order a reunification treatment that is predicated on cutting off a child from a parent with whom the child is bonded or to whom the child is attached; and any order to remediate the resistance of a child to have contact with a violent or abusive parent primarily addresses the behavior of that parent or the contributions of that parent to the resistance of the child before ordering the other parent of the child to take steps to potentially improve the relationship of the child with the parent with whom the child resists contact. not less than 20 hours of initial training; and not less than 15 hours of ongoing training every 5 years. apply to any neutral professional appointed by a court during a child custody proceeding to express an opinion relating to abuse, trauma, or the behaviors of victims and perpetrators of abuse and trauma; and require that a professional described in subparagraph (A) possess demonstrated expertise and clinical experience in working with victims of domestic violence or child abuse, including child sexual abuse, that is not solely of a forensic nature. child sexual abuse; physical abuse; emotional abuse; coercive control; implicit and explicit bias, including biases relating to parents with disabilities; trauma; long- and short-term impacts of domestic violence and child abuse on children; and victim and perpetrator behavior patterns and relationship dynamics within the cycle of violence; a professional with substantial experience in assisting survivors of domestic violence or child abuse, including a victim service provider (as defined in section 12291 of this title ); and if possible, a survivor of domestic violence or child physical or sexual abuse; relies on evidence-based and peer-reviewed research by recognized experts in the types of abuse described in subparagraph (A); does not include theories, concepts, or belief systems unsupported by the research described in subparagraph (C); and recognize and respond to child physical abuse, child sexual abuse, domestic violence, and trauma in all family victims, particularly children; and prioritize child safety and well-being; and are culturally sensitive and appropriate for diverse communities. An eligible State desiring a grant increase under this subsection shall submit an application to the Attorney General at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Attorney General may reasonably require. the laws described paragraph (3); the standards described in paragraph (4); and the training program described in paragraph (5). An eligible State that receives a grant increase under paragraph (2)(A) shall use the total amount of the increase for the purposes described in subparagraph (C) or (D) of subsection (c)(4). Nothing in this subsection shall be interpreted as discouraging States from adopting additional provisions to increase safe outcomes for children. Additional protective provisions are encouraged. There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027. Approximately 1 in 15 children is exposed to domestic violence each year. Most child abuse is perpetrated in the family and by a parent. Intimate partner violence and child abuse overlap in the same families at rates between 30 and 60 percent. A child’s risk of abuse increases after a perpetrator of intimate partner violence separates from a domestic partner, even when the perpetrator has not previously directly abused the child. Children who have witnessed intimate partner violence are approximately 4 times more likely to experience direct child maltreatment than children who have not witnessed intimate partner violence. More than 75 percent of child sexual abuse is perpetrated by a family member or a person known to the child. Data of the Department of Justice shows that family members are 49 percent, or almost half, of the perpetrators of crimes against child sex assault victims younger than 6 years of age. Research suggests a child’s exposure to a batterer is among the strongest indicators of risk of incest victimization. One study found that female children with fathers who are batterers of their mothers were 6.5 times more likely to experience father-daughter incest than female children who do not have abusive fathers. Child abuse is a major public health issue in the United States. Total lifetime financial costs associated with just 1 year of confirmed cases of child maltreatment, including child physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, and neglect, result in $124,000,000,000 in annual costs to the economy of the United States, or approximately 1 percent of the gross domestic product of the United States. Empirical research indicates that courts regularly discount allegations of child physical and sexual abuse when those allegations are raised in child custody cases. Courts believed less than ¼ of claims that a father has committed child physical or sexual abuse. With respect to cases in which an allegedly abusive parent claimed the mother ‘alienated’ the child, courts believed only 1 out of 51 claims of sexual molestation by a father. Independent research indicates that child sexual abuse allegations are credible between 50 and 70 percent of the time. Empirical research shows that alleged or known abusive parents are often granted custody or unprotected parenting time by courts. Approximately ⅓ of parents alleged to have committed child abuse took primary custody from the protective parent reporting the abuse, placing children at ongoing risk. Researchers have documented nearly 800 child murders in the United States since 2008 committed by a divorcing or separating parent. More than 100 of these child murders are known to have occurred after a court ordered the child to have contact with the dangerous parent over the objection of a safe parent or caregiver. Scientifically unsound theories that treat abuse allegations of mothers as likely false attempts to undermine fathers are frequently applied in family court to minimize or deny reports of abuse of parents and children. Many experts who testify against abuse allegations lack expertise in the relevant type of alleged abuse, relying instead on unsound and unproven theories. Judges presiding over custody cases involving allegations of child abuse, child sexual abuse, and domestic violence are rarely required to receive training on these subjects, and most States have not established standards for such training.” increase the priority given to child safety in any State court divorce, separation, visitation, paternity, child support, civil protection order, or family custody court proceeding affecting the custody and care of children, excluding child protective, abuse, or neglect proceedings and juvenile justice proceedings; recognize and adjudicate domestic violence and child abuse allegations based on valid, admissible evidence; and enter orders that protect and minimize the risk of harm to children; and ensure that professional personnel involved in cases containing domestic violence or child abuse allegations receive trauma-informed and culturally appropriate training on the dynamics, signs, and impact of domestic violence and child abuse, including child sexual abuse.”