Federal

Title 28 — Judiciary and Judicial Procedure

805 sections, each with the official text and a plain-English explanation of what it means for you.

• § 2501 — Time for filing suit
• § 2502 — Aliens’ privilege to sue
• § 2503 — Proceedings generally
• § 2504 — Plaintiff’s testimony
• § 2505 — Trial before judges
• § 2506 — Interest of witness
• § 2507 — Calls and discovery
• § 2508 — Counterclaim or set-off; registration of judgment
• § 2509 — Congressional reference cases
• § 251 — Appointment and number of judges; offices
• § 2510 — Referral of cases by Comptroller General
• § 2511 — Accounts of officers, agents or contractors
• § 2512 — Disbursing officers; relief
• § 2513 — Unjust conviction and imprisonment
• § 2514 — Forfeiture of fraudulent claims
• § 2515 — New trial; stay of judgment
• § 2516 — Interest on claims and judgments
• § 2517 — Payment of judgments
• § 2518 — Repealed. Pub. L. 97–164, title I, § 139(l) , Apr. 2, 1982 , 96 Stat. 43 ]
• § 2519 — Conclusiveness of judgment
• § 252 — Tenure and salaries of judges
• § 2520 — Repealed. Pub. L. 106–518, title II, § 207 , Nov. 13, 2000 , 114 Stat. 2414 ]
• § 2521 — Subpoenas and incidental powers
• § 2522 — Notice of appeal
• § 253 — Duties of chief judge
• § 254 — Single-judge trials
• § 255 — Three-judge trials
• § 256 — Trials at ports other than New York
• § 257 — Publication of decisions
• § 258 — Chief judges; precedence of judges
• § 2601 to 2604 — Repealed. Pub. L. 97–164, title I, § 140 , Apr. 2, 1982 , 96 Stat. 44 ]
• § 2631 — Persons entitled to commence a civil action
• § 2632 — Commencement of a civil action
• § 2633 — Procedure and fees
• § 2634 — Notice
• § 2635 — Filing of official documents
• § 2636 — Time for commencement of action
• § 2637 — Exhaustion of administrative remedies
• § 2638 — New grounds in support of a civil action
• § 2639 — Burden of proof; evidence of value
• § 2640 — Scope and standard of review
• § 2641 — Witnesses; inspection of documents
• § 2642 — Analysis of imported merchandise
• § 2643 — Relief
• § 2644 — Interest
• § 2645 — Decisions
• § 2646 — Retrial or rehearing
• § 2647 — Repealed. Pub. L. 98–620, title IV, § 402(29)(G) , Nov. 8, 1984 , 98 Stat. 3359 ]
• § 2671 — Definitions
• § 2672 — Administrative adjustment of claims
• § 2673 — Reports to Congress
• § 2674 — Liability of United States
• § 2675 — Disposition by federal agency as prerequisite; evidence
• § 2676 — Judgment as bar
• § 2677 — Compromise
• § 2678 — Attorney fees; penalty
• § 2679 — Exclusiveness of remedy
• § 2680 — Exceptions
• § 2710 — Right of attachment
• § 2711 — Application for warrant
• § 2712 — Issue of warrant
• § 2713 — Trial of ownership of property
• § 2714 — Investment of proceeds of attached property
• § 2715 — Publication
• § 2716 — Personal notice
• § 2717 — Discharge
• § 2718 — Interest on balances due department
• § 2901 to 2906 — Repealed. Pub. L. 106–310, div. B, title XXXIV, § 3405(c)(1) , Oct. 17, 2000 , 114 Stat. 1221 ]
• § 291 — Circuit judges
• § 292 — District judges
• § 293 — Judges of the Court of International Trade
• § 294 — Assignment of retired Justices or judges to active duty
• § 295 — Conditions upon designation and assignment
• § 296 — Powers upon designation and assignment
• § 297 — Assignment of judges to courts of the freely associated compact states
• § 3 — Vacancy in office of Chief Justice; disability
• § 3001 — Applicability of chapter
• § 3002 — Definitions
• § 3003 — Rules of construction
• § 3004 — Service of process; enforcement; notice
• § 3005 — Application of chapter to judgments
• § 3006 — Affidavit requirements
• § 3007 — Perishable personal property
• § 3008 — Proceedings before United States magistrate judges
• § 3009 — United States marshals’ authority to designate keeper
• § 3010 — Co-owned property
• § 3011 — Assessment of surcharge on a debt
• § 3012 — Joinder of additional defendant
• § 3013 — Modification or protective order; supervision of enforcement
• § 3014 — Exempt property
• § 3015 — Discovery as to debtor’s financial condition
• § 3101 — Prejudgment remedies
• § 3102 — Attachment
• § 3103 — Receivership
• § 3104 — Garnishment
• § 3105 — Sequestration
• § 3201 — Judgment liens
• § 3202 — Enforcement of judgments
• § 3203 — Execution
• § 3204 — Installment payment order
• § 3205 — Garnishment
• § 3206 — Discharge
• § 3301 — Definitions
• § 3302 — Insolvency
• § 3303 — Value for transfer or obligation
• § 3304 — Transfer fraudulent as to a debt to the United States
• § 3305 — When transfer is made or obligation is incurred
• § 3306 — Remedies of the United States
• § 3307 — Defenses, liability, and protection of trans­feree
• § 3308 — Supplementary provision
• § 331 — Judicial Conference of the United States
• § 332 — Judicial councils of circuits
• § 333 — Judicial conferences of circuits
• § 334 — Institutes and joint councils on sentencing
• § 335 — Judicial Conference of the Court of International Trade
• § 351 — Complaints; judge defined
• § 352 — Review of complaint by chief judge
• § 353 — Special committees
• § 354 — Action by judicial council
• § 355 — Action by Judicial Conference
• § 356 — Subpoena power
• § 357 — Review of orders and actions
• § 358 — Rules
• § 359 — Restrictions
• § 360 — Disclosure of information
• § 361 — Reimbursement of expenses
• § 362 — Other provisions and rules not affected
• § 363 — Court of Federal Claims, Court of International Trade, Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
• § 364 — Effect of felony conviction
• § 3701 — Definitions
• § 3702 — Unlawful sports gambling
• § 3703 — Injunctions
• § 3704 — Applicability
• § 371 — Retirement on salary; retirement in senior status
• § 372 — Retirement for disability; substitute judge on failure to retire
• § 373 — Judges in territories and possessions
• § 374 — Residence of retired judges; official station
• § 375 — Recall of certain judges and magistrate judges
• § 376 — Annuities for survivors of certain judicial officials of the United States
• § 377 — Retirement of bankruptcy judges and magistrate judges
• § 3901 — Civil actions
• § 3902 — Judicial review of regulations
• § 3903 — Effect of failure to issue regulations
• § 3904 — Expedited review of certain appeals
• § 3905 — Attorney’s fees and interest
• § 3906 — Payments
• § 3907 — Other judicial review prohibited
• § 3908 — Definitions
• § 4 — Precedence of associate justices
• § 4001 — Assumption of contractual obligations related to transfers of rights in motion pictures
• § 41 — Number and composition of circuits
• § 4101 — Definitions
• § 4102 — Recognition of foreign defamation judgments
• § 4103 — Removal
• § 4104 — Declaratory judgments
• § 4105 — Attorneys’ fees
• § 411 — Supreme Court reports; printing, binding, and distribution
• § 412 — Sale of Supreme Court reports
• § 413 — Publications; distribution to courts
• § 414 — Transmittal of books to successors
• § 415 — Repealed. Pub. L. 97–164, title I, § 113 , Apr. 2, 1982 , 96 Stat. 29 ]
• § 42 — Allotment of Supreme Court justices to circuits
• § 43 — Creation and composition of courts
• § 44 — Appointment, tenure, residence and salary of circuit judges
• § 45 — Chief judges; precedence of judges
• § 451 — Definitions
• § 452 — Courts always open; powers unrestricted by expiration of sessions
• § 453 — Oaths of justices and judges
• § 454 — Practice of law by justices and judges
• § 455 — Disqualification of justice, judge, or magistrate judge
• § 456 — Traveling expenses of justices and judges; official duty stations
• § 457 — Records; obsolete papers
• § 458 — Relative of justice or judge ineligible to appointment
• § 459 — Administration of oaths and acknowledgments
• § 46 — Assignment of judges; panels; hearings; quorum
• § 460 — Application to other courts
• § 461 — Adjustments in certain salaries
• § 462 — Court accommodations
• § 463 — Expenses of litigation
• § 47 — Disqualification of trial judge to hear appeal
• § 471 — Requirement for a district court civil justice expense and delay reduction plan
• § 472 — Development and implementation of a civil justice expense and delay reduction plan
• § 473 — Content of civil justice expense and delay reduction plans
• § 474 — Review of district court action
• § 475 — Periodic district court assessment
• § 476 — Enhancement of judicial information dissemination
• § 477 — Model civil justice expense and delay reduction plan
• § 478 — Advisory groups
• § 479 — Information on litigation management and cost and delay reduction
• § 48 — Terms of court
• § 480 — Training programs
• § 481 — Automated case information
• § 482 — Definitions
• § 49 — Assignment of judges to division to appoint independent counsels
• § 5 — Salaries of justices
• § 5001 — Civil action for death or personal injury in a place subject to exclusive jurisdiction of United States
• § 501 — Executive department
• § 502 — Seal
• § 503 — Attorney General
• § 504 — Deputy Attorney General