26 U.S.C. § 164: Taxes

State and local, and foreign, real property taxes. State and local personal property taxes. State and local, and foreign, income, war profits, and excess profits taxes. The GST tax imposed on income distributions. The term “personal property tax” means an ad valorem tax which is imposed on an annual basis in respect of personal property. A State or local tax includes only a tax imposed by a State, a possession of the United States, or a political subdivision of any of the foregoing, or by the District of Columbia. A foreign tax includes only a tax imposed by the authority of a foreign country. the tax imposed by section 2601, and any State tax described in section 2604 (as in effect before its repeal), Any tax referred to in subparagraph (A) imposed with respect to a transfer occurring during the taxable year of the distributee (or, in the case of a taxable termination, the trust) which is paid not later than the time prescribed by law (including extensions) for filing the return with respect to such transfer shall be treated as having been paid on the last day of the taxable year in which the transfer was made. without regard to the reference to State and local income taxes, and as if State and local general sales taxes were referred to in a paragraph thereof. The term “general sales tax” means a tax imposed at one rate with respect to the sale at retail of a broad range of classes of items. the fact that the tax does not apply with respect to some or all of such items shall not be taken into account in determining whether the tax applies with respect to a broad range of classes of items, and the fact that the rate of tax applicable with respect to some or all of such items is lower than the general rate of tax shall not be taken into account in determining whether the tax is imposed at one rate. Except in the case of a lower rate of tax applicable with respect to an item described in subparagraph (C), no deduction shall be allowed under this paragraph for any general sales tax imposed with respect to an item at a rate other than the general rate of tax. is imposed on the use, storage, or consumption of such item, and is complementary to a general sales tax, but only if a deduction is allowable under this paragraph with respect to items sold at retail in the taxing jurisdiction which are similar to such item. In the case of motor vehicles, if the rate of tax exceeds the general rate, such excess shall be disregarded and the general rate shall be treated as the rate of tax. If the amount of any general sales tax is separately stated, then, to the extent that the amount so stated is paid by the consumer (other than in connection with the consumer’s trade or business) to the seller, such amount shall be treated as a tax imposed on, and paid by, such consumer. the amount determined under this paragraph (without regard to this subparagraph) with respect to motor vehicles, boats, and other items specified by the Secretary, and the amount determined under tables prescribed by the Secretary with respect to items to which subclause (I) does not apply. shall reflect the provisions of this paragraph, shall be based on the average consumption by taxpayers on a State-by-State basis (as determined by the Secretary) of items to which clause (i)(I) does not apply, taking into account filing status, number of dependents, adjusted gross income, and rates of State and local general sales taxation, and need only be determined with respect to adjusted gross incomes up to the applicable amount (as determined under section 68(b) 1 ). 1 See References in Text note below. foreign real property taxes shall not be taken into account under subsection (a)(1), and the aggregate amount of taxes taken into account under paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (a) and paragraph (5) of this subsection for any taxable year shall not exceed the applicable limitation amount (half the applicable limitation amount in the case of a married individual filing a separate return). in the case of any taxable year beginning in calendar year 2025, $40,000, in the case of any taxable year beginning in calendar year 2026, $40,400, in the case of any taxable year beginning after calendar year 2026 and before 2030, 101 percent of the dollar amount in effect under this subparagraph for taxable years beginning in the preceding calendar year, and in the case of any taxable year beginning after calendar year 2029, $10,000. Except as provided in clause (iii), in the case of any taxable year beginning before January 1, 2030 , the applicable limitation amount shall be reduced by 30 percent of the excess (if any) of the taxpayer’s modified adjusted gross income over the threshold amount (half the threshold amount in the case of a married individual filing a separate return). in the case of any taxable year beginning in calendar year 2025, $500,000, in the case of any taxable year beginning in calendar year 2026, $505,000, and in the case of any taxable year beginning after calendar year 2026, 101 percent of the dollar amount in effect under this subparagraph for taxable years beginning in the preceding calendar year. The reduction under clause (i) shall not result in the applicable limitation amount being less than $10,000. For purposes of this paragraph, the term “modified adjusted gross income” means adjusted gross income increased by any amount excluded from gross income under section 911, 931, or 933. Taxes assessed against local benefits of a kind tending to increase the value of the property assessed; but this paragraph shall not prevent the deduction of so much of such taxes as is properly allocable to maintenance or interest charges. Taxes on real property, to the extent that subsection (d) requires such taxes to be treated as imposed on another taxpayer. so much of the real property tax as is properly allocable to that part of such year which ends on the day before the date of the sale shall be treated as a tax imposed on the seller, and so much of such tax as is properly allocable to that part of such year which begins on the date of the sale shall be treated as a tax imposed on the purchaser. a taxpayer may not, by reason of his method of accounting, deduct any amount for taxes unless paid, and the other party to the sale is (under the law imposing the real property tax) liable for the real property tax for the real property tax year, is treated, under paragraph (1) of this subsection, as imposed on the taxpayer, and may not, by reason of the taxpayer’s method of accounting, be deducted by the taxpayer for any taxable year, the deduction allowed by subsection (a) shall be allowed to the corporation; and no deduction shall be allowed the shareholder for such tax. In the case of an individual, in addition to the taxes described in subsection (a), there shall be allowed as a deduction for the taxable year an amount equal to one-half of the taxes imposed by section 1401 (other than the taxes imposed by section 1401(b)(2)) for such taxable year. For purposes of this chapter, the deduction allowed by paragraph (1) shall be treated as attributable to a trade or business carried on by the taxpayer which does not consist of the performance of services by the taxpayer as an employee. For provisions disallowing any deduction for certain taxes, see section 275. For treatment of taxes imposed by Indian tribal governments (or their subdivisions), see section 7871. Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [enacting section 275 of this title and amending this section and sections 535, 545, 556, 901, and 903 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1963 . Section 164(c)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] (as amended by subsection (a)) shall not prevent the deduction under section 164 of such Code (as so amended) of taxes levied by a special taxing district which is described in section 164(b)(5) of such Code (as in effect for a taxable year ending on December 31, 1963 ) and which was in existence on December 31, 1963 , for the purpose of retiring indebtedness existing on such date.”